Sabis na sayan guntu mai tsayawa ɗaya tasha
Dangane da samfurori, kwamfuta da kwakwalwan kwamfuta sune mafi girman ɓangaren samfurin, tare da rabon fiye da 39%.Dangane da aikace-aikacen, ana amfani da wannan samfurin sau da yawa a cikin sarrafa kansa da tsarin sarrafawa, tare da rabon sama da 27%.
Aikace-aikace masu saurin girma na gaba a cikin ɓangaren guntu na masana'antu sun haɗa da kayan aiki na cibiyar sadarwa, jirgin sama na kasuwanci, hasken wuta na LED, alamun dijital, sa ido na bidiyo na dijital, yanayin yanayi, mita masu wayo, masu juyawa na photovoltaic da tsarin ƙirar mutum-injin.Bugu da kari, nau'ikan na'urorin lantarki daban-daban (kamar na'urorin ji, endoscopes da tsarin hoto) suma suna ba da gudummawa ga haɓakar wannan kasuwa.Saboda tsammanin wannan kasuwa, wasu manyan masana'antun na'urorin lantarki a fagen dijital suma sun shimfida na'urori na masana'antu.Tare da haɓaka fasahar dijital na masana'antu, sabbin fasahohi kamar basirar wucin gadi kuma an fara haɗa su cikin ɓangaren masana'antu.
A halin yanzu, kasuwar semiconductor na duniya ta Turai, Amurka da Japan da sauran ƙasashe na manyan masana'antu sun mamaye wani yanki na yanki, gabaɗayan matakinsa da tasirin kasuwancinsa na fa'ida a bayyane yake.Cibiyar bincike IHS Markit ta sanar da jerin manyan masana'antun masana'antu 20 na masana'antu na 2018, masana'antun Amurka sun ƙididdige kujeru 11, masana'antun Turai sun ƙididdige kujeru 4, masana'antun Japan sun ƙididdige kujeru 4, kamfanin China guda ɗaya ne kawai aka zaɓa.
Chips na masana'antu suna cikin ainihin ɓangaren gine-ginen masana'antu gabaɗaya, magance matsalolin asali na ji, haɗin kai, kwamfuta, ajiya da sauran batutuwan aiwatarwa, kuma suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samar da masana'antu.kwakwalwan kwamfuta na masana'antu galibi suna da halaye masu zuwa.
Na farko, masana'antu kayayyakin ne a cikin wani dogon lokaci musamman high / low zazzabi, high zafi, karfi gishiri hazo da electromagnetic radiation a cikin wani m yanayi, da yin amfani da m yanayi, don haka masana'antu kwakwalwan kwamfuta dole ne a sami kwanciyar hankali, high aminci da kuma high tsaro, da kuma suna da tsawon rayuwar sabis (zuwa iko, alal misali, yana buƙatar ƙimar aikace-aikacen guntu na masana'antu na ƙasa da miliyan ɗaya, wasu mahimman samfuran suna buƙatar "0" ƙimar raguwa, bukatun ƙirar samfur 7 * 24 hours, 10-20 shekaru na ci gaba da aiki. .(Yayin da mabukaci na rashin nasarar na'urorin lantarki na dubu uku na kashi ɗaya, rayuwar ƙirar ƙira ta shekaru 1-3) Saboda haka, ƙira da kera kwakwalwan masana'antu don tabbatar da ingantaccen sarrafa yawan amfanin ƙasa, yana buƙatar ɗaruruwan miliyoyin kwakwalwan kwamfuta tare da tabbacin daidaiton inganci. iyawa, da wasu samfuran masana'antu har ma suna buƙatar keɓance tsarin samar da kwazo.
Na biyu, kwakwalwan kwamfuta na masana'antu don saduwa da buƙatun al'ada na samfurori daban-daban, sabili da haka ba su da halaye na kwakwalwan kwamfuta na mabukaci don biyan duniya, daidaitacce, farashin farashi.Chips na masana'antu galibi ana fassara su sau da yawa, sigogi guda ɗaya amma tare da haɓaka yanayin aikin R & D da aikace-aikace tare da aikace-aikace tare da aikace-aikace na aikace-aikace, don haka, ƙa'idar aikace-aikace tana da mahimmanci a matsayin sabon fasaha.Duka kasuwar guntu masana'antu ba ta cikin sauƙin samun saurin bunƙasa haɓakar masana'antu guda ɗaya.Don haka, hauhawar farashin ya yi nisa da canje-canje a cikin kwakwalwan kwamfuta na dijital kamar kwakwalwan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da da'irar dabaru, kuma canjin kasuwa yana da ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfi.Babban mai kera guntu masana'antu a duniya Texas Instruments ajin samfurin masana'antu har zuwa nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan 10,000, babban ribar samfurin har zuwa sama da 60%, yayin da karuwar kudaden shiga na shekara-shekara shima yana da inganci.
Na uku, babban samfurin ci gaba na kamfanonin guntu na masana'antu don samfurin IDM.Ayyukan guntu na masana'antu sun bambanta sosai, ta amfani da matakai na musamman, irin su BCD (Biploar, CMOS, DMOS), wurare masu yawa da SiGe (silicon germanium) da GaAs (gallium arsenide), mai yawa aiki a cikin layin samar da kai. don yin la'akari da mafi kyau, don haka sau da yawa yana buƙatar tsara tsari da marufi, da ƙira da aiwatar da zurfin haɗin kai don saduwa da buƙatun yanayin aikace-aikacen masana'antu na musamman.Samfurin IDM na iya haɓaka aikin samfur da rage farashin samarwa ta hanyar ƙirar masana'antu da aka keɓance, don haka ya zama ƙirar ci gaban da aka fi so ga manyan kamfanonin guntu masana'antu na duniya.Daga cikin kuɗaɗen kuɗaɗen siyar da guntuwar masana'antu na kusan dala biliyan 48.56, dala biliyan 37 na kudaden shiga na samun gudummawar kamfanonin IDM, kuma 18 daga cikin manyan kamfanoni 20 na masana'antu na duniya kamfanoni ne na IDM.
Na hudu, kasuwar hada-hadar kamfanonin masana'antu na masana'antu yana da girma, kuma halin da ake ciki na babban ya kasance barga na dogon lokaci.Saboda rarrabuwar kawuna na kasuwar guntu masana'antu, manyan masana'antu tare da wasu damar haɗin kai, ayyukan sadaukarwa da ƙarfin samarwa suna ɗaukar babban kaso na kasuwa, kuma suna ci gaba da girma da ƙarfi ta hanyar saye da fa'ida.Bugu da kari, saboda masana'antar guntu na masana'antu gabaɗaya suna jinkirin sabunta samfura, wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin sabbin kamfanoni da ke shiga wannan fagen, tsarin keɓancewar masana'antu yana ci gaba da ƙarfafawa.Saboda haka, dukan masana'antu guntu kasuwar juna nuna halaye na "babban ne ko da yaushe babba, kasuwar keɓaɓɓen tasiri yana da muhimmanci".A halin yanzu, manyan kamfanoni 40 na masana'antu na duniya sun mamaye kashi 80% na jimlar kason kasuwa, yayin da kasuwar guntu masana'antu ta Amurka, manyan masana'antun Amurka 20 suka ba da gudummawar kashi 92.8% na kasuwar.
Matsayin ci gaban guntuwar masana'antu na kasar Sin
Tare da himma wajen inganta sabbin ababen more rayuwa da yanar gizo na masana'antu na kasar Sin, girman kasuwar guntu masana'antu ta kasar Sin za ta samu ci gaba cikin sauri.Nan da shekarar 2025, ana sa ran yawan buƙatun da ake buƙata na guntu a duk shekara a fannin wutar lantarki, sufurin jiragen ƙasa, makamashi da sinadarai, na gundumomi da sauran fannonin masana'antu, zai kusan kusan RMB biliyan 200.Dangane da girman kasuwannin masana'antar guntu na kasar Sin a shekarar 2025 ya zarce kididdigar kididdigar da yawansu ya kai tiriliyan 2, bukatu na kwakwalwan masana'antu kadai ya kai kashi 10%.Daga cikin su, jimlar buƙatun na'urorin sarrafa masana'antu da kwakwalwan kwamfuta, kwakwalwan kwamfuta na analog da na'urori masu auna firikwensin sun kai sama da 60%.
Sabanin haka, ko da yake kasar Sin babbar kasa ce ta masana'antu, amma a cikin tushen guntu mahada yana da nisa a baya.A halin yanzu, kasar Sin tana da kamfanonin guntu na masana'antu da yawa, adadin bai yi daidai ba, amma gaba daya rarrabuwar kawuna, ba ta samar da daidaito ba, cikakkiyar gasa ta yi rauni fiye da masana'antun kasashen waje, kuma kayayyakin sun fi mayar da hankali kan kasuwa mai karamin karfi.Dangane da bayanan baya-bayan nan daga IC Insights, Cibiyar Ci Gaban Dabarun Dabarun Fasaha ta Masana'antu ta Taiwan, manyan 10 manyan kamfanonin ƙirar IC a cikin 2019 sune, a cikin tsari, Heisi, rukunin Ziguang, Howe Technology, Bitmain, ZTE Microelectronics, Huada Integrated Circuit, Nanrui Smartcore Microelectronics. , ISSI, Zhaoyi Innovation, da Datang Semiconductor.Daga cikin su, a matsayi na bakwai na Smartcore Microelectronics na Beijing, ita ce daya tilo a cikin wannan jerin kudaden shiga da akasari daga masana'antun kera guntu na masana'antu, ɗayan kuma galibi guntu ne na kayan masarufi don amfanin farar hula.
Bugu da ƙari, akwai wasu ƙira na gida da masana'antun masana'antu na masana'antu ba su bayyana a cikin wannan jerin ba, musamman a cikin firikwensin da na'urorin lantarki, wasu kamfanoni na gida sun yi nasara.Irin su Goer shine babban filin firikwensin cikin gida, a cikin masana'antar electro-acoustic micro-electro-acoustic abubuwan da aka haɗa da samfuran masu amfani da lantarki a cikin haɓakawa da kera gasa sosai.Dangane da na'urorin wutar lantarki, kamfanoni na gida, waɗanda CNMC da BYD ke wakilta, sun sami sakamako mai kyau a fagen IGBT, sun fahimci maye gurbin IGBT na cikin gida don motocin lantarki da jirgin ƙasa mai sauri.
Overall, kasar Sin ta gida masana'antu guntu masana'antun, kayayyakin har yanzu yafi ikon na'urorin, masana'antu iko MCU, na'urori masu auna firikwensin, yayin da a cikin sauran manyan nau'i na masana'antu kwakwalwan kwamfuta, kamar high-yi analog kayayyakin, ADC, CPU, FPGA, masana'antu ajiya, da dai sauransu. har yanzu akwai babban gibi tsakanin kamfanonin kasar Sin da manyan masana'antun kasa da kasa.
Tun da dadewa, gine-gine da raya tsarin masana'antu na kasar Sin sun fi ba da fifiko kan guntu na masana'antu, kuma guntu da ake amfani da su a cikin kayayyakin masana'antu galibi ana sayo su ne daga manyan masana'antun kasashen waje.Kafin faruwar takun sakar kasuwanci tsakanin Sin da Amurka, an baiwa masana'antun cikin gida damammaki na gwaji, wanda har ya kai ga kawo cikas ga bunkasuwar masana'antun cikin gida, sannan kuma yana da illa ga inganta karfin masana'antu na gida.Kwakwalwar masana'antu sun bambanta da kwakwalwan kwamfuta na mabukaci, tare da babban buƙatun aikin gabaɗaya, ingantacciyar zagayowar R&D mai tsayi, babban kwanciyar hankali na aikace-aikacen da ƙarancin sauyawa.Bayan an yanke sarkar samar da guntu ta kasa da kasa ko kuma ta takaita ta hanyar abubuwan da ba na kasuwa ba, yana da wahala a sami madaidaitan madaidaitan a cikin kankanin lokaci saboda karancin kwarewar tallan tallace-tallace na kwakwalwan masana'antu na gida da kuma gwaji da kuskure. da maimaitawa, don haka yana shafar tsarin tsarin masana'antu.A daya hannun kuma, dangane da koma bayan tattalin arzikin cikin gida gaba daya, masana'antu na gargajiya na bukatar noma sabbin wuraren bunkasa masana'antu, sabbin ababen more rayuwa da suka dogara da guntu masana'antu suna inganta sauye-sauye da inganta masana'antu, amma idan matsalar makalewar wuyan hannu. ba a warware shi ba, zai shafi ci gaban sabon tattalin arzikin masana'antu kai tsaye tare da hana ci gaban dabarun samar da wutar lantarki na masana'antu.Bisa la'akari da haka, guntuwar masana'antu na cikin gida na kasar Sin na bukatar karin sararin raya kasa da kasuwa, wanda ba wai kawai yana taimakawa wajen raya sana'ar guntu na gida ba, har ma da samar da ingantacciyar hanyar gudanar da tsarin masana'antu.
