Yaƙin duhu a kusa da masana'antar semiconductor ya ci gaba tun daga wannan shekara.A karshen watan Nuwamba, kasashen kungiyar EU sun amince da ware sama da Euro biliyan 40 don bunkasa karfin samar da na'urori na kungiyar EU.Shirin EU shine haɓaka kason samar da guntu na duniya daga kashi 10% na yanzu zuwa 20% nan da 2030.
Babu daidaituwa, sau ɗaya yana mulki a fagen haɗaɗɗiyar semiconductor Japan kuma ba za ta zama kaɗai ba, kwanakin baya, Toyota, Denso, Sony, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation (NTT), Japan Electric (NEC), Softbank, Man Armor, Mitsubishi UFJ Bank tare kafa wani guntu tsari kamfanin Rapidus, da shirin cimma taro samar da kwakwalwan kwamfuta a kasa 2 nanometers a 2027. Kamar yadda na farko manyan hadedde kewaye semiconductor guntu, Amurka a cikin guntu fasaha high batu iko ne mafi m, sanya hannu a ciki. Agusta wannan shekara don aiwatar da "Chip da Kimiyya Dokar", zai zama babbar tallafi a cikin duniya samuwar high-karshen hadedde kewaye semiconductor guntu masana'antu sarkar siphon sakamako, a halin yanzu, Samsung, TSMC ya zaba don gina masana'antu a Amurka. , yafi niyya fasahar guntu ƙasa da nanometer 5.
Gasar cin dusar ƙanƙara ta sake tayar da hatsaniya, Sin ba za ta iya zama 'yan kallo kawai ba.Gaskiyar magana ita ce, a bangare guda, masu fafatawa a gasar za su ci gaba da dakushe masana'antar sarrafa na'ura mai kwakwalwa ta kasar Sin, amma kuma tana kara nuna muhimmancin sarrafa sarkar samar da na'urori masu zaman kansu.Yawancin kamfanonin dillalai masu ƙarfi sun ce suna da kyakkyawan fata game da ci gaban ci gaban maye gurbin semiconductor na gida a cikin ƴan shekaru masu zuwa, suna ba da shawarar cewa masu saka hannun jari sun mai da hankali kan mahimman fannoni kamar kayan aiki, kayan aiki da marufi da gwaji a cikin hanyar ganowa.
Kayan aiki na sama: tsarin gurɓata yana haɓaka
A cikin saurin bunƙasa masana'antar semiconductor na cikin gida da kuma tsarin manufofin ƙasa biyu, masana'antun na'urori na cikin gida a gefe guda, suna ci gaba da haɓaka nau'ikan samfuran, kuma sannu a hankali suna karya ikon mallakar masana'antun waje;a gefe guda, a hankali inganta aikin samfur, kuma sannu a hankali shiga cikin babban kasuwa.Kodayake kayan aikin semiconductor don hanzarta aiwatar da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai, ana sa ran za su ƙetare tsarin masana'antu.
Liu Guoqing manazarci kan harkokin tsaro na Pacific ya yi nuni da cewa, bisa ga nau’in kayan aiki, duk da cewa na’urar tantance kayan aikin ta samu asali, amma a cikin CMP, PVD, etching, magani mai zafi da sauran al’amura na yanayin yanayin har yanzu ba su da yawa, yayin da ake daukar hoto. , kayan aikin haɓaka kayan haɓakawa a wannan matakin kawai don cimma nasara daga 0 zuwa 1. Sabili da haka, a gaba ɗaya, ƙimar yanki har yanzu yana da ƙarin ɗaki don ingantawa, musamman a Amurka ta hanyar "Dokar Chip da Kimiyya" da manufofin gida. matakin don haɓaka saka hannun jari a cikin filin semiconductor, mun yi imanin cewa a cikin jigon "fadadawar ƙasa + maye gurbin gida", ana sa ran masana'antun kayan aikin gida za su haɓaka sama.
Daga mahangar tushe na kayan aikin cikin gida da aka jera kamfanoni, aikin kashi uku na farko na 2022 na masana'antar kayan aikin semiconductor ya fara haɓaka haɓaka, jimlar kudaden shiga na masana'antu na 65% kowace shekara;Bugu da kari, ribar masana'antu kuma tana ci gaba da inganta.Kashi uku na farko na kashi uku na kashi 19.0 cikin 100 na ribar da za a cire na masana'antar kayan aikin semiconductor, 2017 ya zuwa yanzu yanayin hawan sama na shekara-shekara yana da mahimmanci;a lokaci guda, na gida semiconductor kayan da aka jera kamfanoni oda gaba ɗaya high girma.
Shigo da sauya kayan aikin semiconductor shine babban jigo.Yang Shaohui, wani manazarci a Everbright Securities, ya ba da shawarar masu zuba jari da su kula da masana'antun kayan aikin semiconductor SMIC, Shengmei Shanghai, Huachuang ta Arewa, Core Source Micro, Fasahar Tuojing, Huahai Qingke, Wanye Enterprise, Daidaitaccen Ma'aunin Lantarki, Fasahar Tianjun, Huaxing Yuanchuang, Crydom , Delonghi Laser, da Lightforce Technology.
Abubuwan tsaka-tsaki: shigar da lokacin ci gaban zinare
Dangane da kayan aikin semiconductor, kodayake lissafin guntu na Amurka ya haɓaka hani kan wuraren aiwatar da ci gaba na kasar Sin, amma Sin ta sami babban ci gaba a fannin samar da na'urorin da ke da alaƙa, ana sa ran kamfanonin da ke samar da na'urori za su samar da kyakkyawan sakamako bayan samun ci gaba. oda, dogara ga ci gaban babban birnin kasar inflow don inganta fadada data kasance semiconductor kayan iyawar samfurin da sabon ƙarni na semiconductor kayan Haɓaka Samfur.
Wani mai sharhi kan harkokin tsaro na Guangda Zhao Naidi ya yi nuni da cewa, a halin da ake ciki na dunkulewar duniya baki daya, gabatar da irin wadannan kudirori ko manufofi a kasar Amurka ba zai taimaka wajen ci gaban dunkulewar duniya ba, sai dai yana kara saurin wargaza masana'antu masu alaka.Har ila yau, muna bukatar mu kara kaimi don cike gibin dake tsakanin kasar Sin a wasu muhimman fannoni da kuma ci gaban da duniya ta samu.
A halin yanzu, ƙimar ƙirar masana'anta na cikin gida na kusan 10%, galibi ya dogara da shigo da kaya.A halin yanzu, kasar Sin tana yin kokari sosai don tallafa wa masana'antar wuyan kati, kuma masana'antunmu na semiconductor sun inganta ci gaban maye gurbinsu.A cikin filin hadedde da'irori, da hanzari na gida maye, masana'antu da haɓaka fasahar masana'antu da na kasa masana'antu manufofin goyon baya da sauran mahara mai kyau goyon baya, cikin gida semiconductor kayan da kamfanonin ana sa ran shigar a cikin wani zinariya ci gaban lokaci, da masana'antu sarkar na high quality Enterprises ne. ana sa ran zai jagoranci cin gajiyar.
Sabbin kayan wafer da aka gina za su zama babban filin yaƙi don kayan aikin semiconductor na gida don haɓaka rabonsu.Hu An mai sharhi kan harkokin tsaro, Hu Yang, ya yi nuni da cewa, lokacin da aka fara samar da manyan masana'antu a halin yanzu, ya fara ne daga shekarar 2022 zuwa 2024, inda ya yi kiyasin cewa, za a ci gaba da gudanar da aikin taga na zinare na tsawon shekaru 2-3, wanda shi ne lokaci mafi kyau ga masana'antu su maye gurbin na'urorin da ake amfani da su a cikin gida. .Ana ba da shawarar cewa masu saka hannun jari su mai da hankali kan Kayan Lantarki na Jingrui, Sabbin Kayan Karfi, Nanda Optoelectronics, Fasaha Jacques, Jianghua Micro, Juhua, Fasahar Haohua, Huatech Gas, Shanghai Xinyang, da sauransu.
Marufi na ƙasa da gwaji: rabon kasuwa yana ci gaba da karuwa
IC marufi da gwaji suna cikin ƙasa na sarkar masana'antu, wanda za'a iya raba shi zuwa sassa biyu: marufi da gwaji.A ƙarƙashin haɓakar haɓakar ƙwarewa da rarraba aiki a cikin masana'antar IC, ƙarin fakitin IC da oda na gwaji za su fito daga masana'antun IDM na gargajiya, waɗanda ke dacewa da marufi da masana'antar gwaji.
Wasu majiyoyin masana'antu sun yi nuni da cewa, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, masana'antun cikin gida sun yi saurin tara fasahohin da suka ci gaba ta hanyar hada-hada da saye da sayarwa, kuma dandalin fasahar ya kasance tare da masana'antun ketare, kuma adadin kayayyakin da kasar Sin ta samu a duniya na karuwa sannu a hankali.Dangane da tushen manufofin cikin gida da ke ba da ƙwaƙƙwaran marufi na ci gaba, ana sa ran saurin bunƙasa marufi na cikin gida zai haɓaka nan gaba.A sa'i daya kuma, a karkashin yanayin dambarwar cinikayya tsakanin Sin da Amurka, bukatuwar yin musanya a cikin gida na da karfi, rabon shugabannin dakon kaya na cikin gida zai karu, kuma masana'antun cikin gida har yanzu suna samun riba mai yawa.
Tare da haɓaka canjin masana'antar semiconductor, fa'idar farashin albarkatun ɗan adam da fifikon haraji, ƙarfin tattara kayan aikin IC na duniya a hankali yana canzawa zuwa yankin Asiya Pacific kuma masana'antar tana kiyaye ci gaba.Bisa kididdigar da aka samu na cibiyoyi masu alaka, yawan ci gaban da aka samu na kasuwar hada-hadar kayayyaki ta IC na kasar Sin ya yi matukar girma fiye da na duniya sama da shekaru 10;Cutar ta shafa, yawancin sassan samar da na'urorin lantarki na duniya suna ci gaba da kasancewa mai tsauri ko katsewa yayin bala'in, kuma wadatar tana ci gaba da kasancewa mai tsauri ko katsewa yayin barkewar cutar, tare da cike da buƙatun sabbin motocin makamashi na ƙasa, AioT da AR / VR. , da sauransu, da yawa semiconductor foundries suna da babban ƙarfin amfani.Dangane da ƙarfin amfani da ƙarfi da ci gaba da tsammanin buƙatu mai yawa a cikin mahallin cutar, ana sa ran kashe kashen masu samar da na'urori na duniya zai kasance mai ƙarfi kuma ana sa ran masana'antun marufi na ƙasa za su amfana sosai.
Liu Menglin manazarci kan harkokin tsaro na Dongguan ya yi nuni da cewa, kasar Sin tana da karfin gwuiwa a cikin gida wajen hada kaya da gwaje-gwaje, kuma tana da kwarin gwiwar samun ci gaban riba da aka samu sakamakon ci gaba da bunkasuwar hada-hadar kayayyaki masu inganci ga masana'antu a karkashin babban hazaka cikin dogon lokaci.Ana ba da shawarar kula da Fasahar Changdian, Fasahar Huatian, Tongfu Microelectronics, Fasahar Jingfang da sauran kamfanoni masu alaƙa.
Fassara da www.DeepL.com/Translator (sigar kyauta)
Lokacin aikawa: Dec-17-2022